Static Members

class User {
public:
    static int count; // Shared by all Users
    User() { count++; }
};

int User::count = 0; // Initialization (Outside Class)

class Math {
public:
    static int square(int x) { return x * x; }
};

int s = Math::square(5); // Call without object!

Static functions can ONLY access static members of the class.

• Allocated once when the program starts.
• Can be accessed using class name: ClassName::member.
• Commonly used for constants and utility functions.