THINK++ — Engineering Visualized

Execution

Function Calling

C++ provides multiple ways to pass data to functions. Choosing the right method is critical for performance and correctness.

Pass by Valuevoid func(int x)

Passes a COPY of the actual value. Changes inside don't affect original.

Pass by Referencevoid func(int &x)

Passes an ALIAS to the original variable. Changes DO affect original.

Pass by Pointervoid func(int *x)

Passes the ADDRESS of the variable. Changes DO affect original.

PERFORMANCE TIP

Always pass large objects (like std::vector or std::string) by const reference to avoid expensive copies.

void process(const vector<int>& vec);

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