C Style Strings

char str[] = "Hello"; 
// Memory: ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0']

char str2[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

• strlen(s): Returns length (excluding null).
• strcpy(dest, src): Copies src to dest.
• strcmp(s1, s2): Compares two strings lexicographically.
• strcat(dest, src): Appends src to end of dest.

C-style strings are prone to Buffer Overflows because they don't track their own size. In modern C++, always prefer std::string.